Taiwan

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China, is a partially-recognized country in East Asia. It formed when the Chinese Communist Forces kicked the Kuomintang, the ROC's fighters, out the Chinese Mainland, who fled to Taiwan.

History
The Republic of China was established after the Qing Dynasty had collapsed in 1912. It was later invaded by the Empire of Japan in WW2, and had most of their land taken until the Japanese Empire had been defeated by the United States in 1945. From 1949 to 1950, the People's Liberation Army led by Mao Zedong, defeated the ROC, thus giving establishing the People's Republic of China, and also shrinking the ROC to Taiwan.

Appearances

 * WW2 (as Mainland China)
 * The Cold War (reduced to Taiwan)

Trivia

 * Taiwan is not a member of the UN (United Nations) because it doesn't have enough recognition.
 * However, as the Republic of China, it was a founding member of the UN and one of the Big Five.
 * Multiple countries recognize Taiwan as an independent nation from China.